浙江中医院违规操作致5名患者被感染艾滋，你怎么看
现在我国的很多医院，存在着一些服务质量的问题，看似是很小的事情，但是如果继续下去的话会引起巨大的医疗事故。医院不能成为一个只会赚钱，不顾老百姓生命安全的地方，如果医院变质到如此地步，那么老百姓的生面可就没有保证了，这点现在国家已经严厉查处，并且取得很大成果。
可是中国医院里面的服务情况，并不是全部都会好转起来，总有极个别的医院依旧在侵害老百姓的利益，甚至侵害老百姓的生命。最近的消息是我感到很难过，因为消息里面说浙江中医院违规操作致5名患者被感染艾滋，这样的事情真的叫人觉得气愤，对于这种医院国家应该彻底的进行清理和查处了。
这件事情的性质十分严重，艾滋病是一种可怕的病症，几乎没有任何的治疗方法，得病的患者会慢慢的失去生命，他们们的人生会在这一次的事件中变得黯淡无光，这些人只是普普通通的老百姓，都有自己的家庭和事业，现在他们的遭遇是很悲剧的，我觉得社会必须给予他们关心和爱护，保证他们的权益。
这家医院因为使用交叉的医疗用品，根本不顾医院患者的身体健康，这才造成现在这样的悲剧发生，医院的领导和医院的工作人员，他们都有基本的医疗知识，更明白这样做的后果，但是为了自己的利益，他们什么事情都可以干出来，如果这样的人不接受最严厉的法律处罚，那么就太不公平了。
国家应该通过这件事情，认真的进行总结，对于这件医疗事故的严重性，必须做出总结。同时国家相关部门要对这家医院的领导和工作人员进行逐步的审查，对于责任人必须要严惩不贷。因为医院的这种行为严重的危害到患者的生命，给社会造成的影响也是巨大的，当事责任人的行为，可以说毫无人性，如果不给严厉的惩罚，那么真是无法向社会大众交代了。
浙江中医院违规操作致5名患者被感染艾滋，你怎么看？
舞茸β-葡聚糖对HIV（艾滋病）病人的效果Effects of Maitake (Grifola frondosa) gulcan in HIV-infected patients【摘要翻译】 为评估一种从舞茸中提取的β-葡聚糖MD-Fraction（舞茸D-fraction）对艾滋病（HIV）感染病人的效果，进行了长期的实验。参与实验的HIV感染者被跟踪监测CD4+ 细胞计数，病毒载量，艾滋病感染症状，继发病状况，以及健康状态。20位患者的CD4+细胞计数增加到原来的1.4-1.8倍，8位患者降低到原来的0.8-0.5倍。9位病人的病毒载量增加，10位降低。尽管如此，85%的受试者对于HIV引起的症状和继发病的感觉变好，这表明舞茸D-fraction对于艾滋病HIV患者具有积极的影响。关键词： 抗HIV活性，CD4+细胞，舞茸，IL-2，MD-Fraction注：CD4+细胞是人体免疫系统中的一种重要免疫细胞，由于艾滋病病毒攻击对象是CD4+细胞，所以其检测结果对艾滋病治疗效果的判断和对患者免疫功能的判断有重要作用。【论文原文】 Effects of Maitake (Grifola frondosa) gulcan in HIV-infected patients Hiroaki Nanba1)*, Noriko Kodama1), Douglas Schar 2) and Denise Turner 2)1)Department of Microbial Chemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1, Motoyamakita-machi, Higashinada-ku, kobe 658-8558, Japan2)Herbal Clinical Research, 140 Columbia Road, London E2 7RG, U.K.The effects of MD-Fraction, a β-glucan extracted from Maitake mushroom (Grifola frondosa)， on the health status of individuals suffering from HIV infection were evaluated in a long-term trial. The HIV status of the 35 respondents who participated in the study was followed by monitoring CD4+ cell counts, viral load measure, sympotoms of HIV infection, status of secondary disease, and sense of well-being. Twenty patients reported to increase in CD4+ cell counts to 1.4-1.8 times, and 8 patients reported a decrease to 0.8-0.5 times. Viral load was reported to increase in 9 patients and decrease in 10 patients. However, 85% of respondents reported an increased sense of well-being with regard to various symptoms and secondary diseases caused by HIV. These results suggest that Maitake D-Fraction had a positive impact in HIV patients.Key Words : anti-HIV activity; CD4+ cell; Grifola frondosa (Maitake); IL-2; MD-FractionAcquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is caused by HIV infection, which attacks helper T cells (CD4+ cells) and decreases the body’s immunity. In 1991, we studied the effect of a Grifola frondosa S.F. Gray (Maitake) extract, named MD-Fraction on HIV, which is believed to be a cause of AIDS. Sulfated MD-Fraction was found to prevent HIV from killing helper T (CD4+) cells: almost 100% of CD4+ cells survived challenge by HIV at concentrations of sulfated MD-Fraction of around 1 pg/ml, and the results were presented in an abstract paper at the 8th International AIDS conference in Amsterdam in July 1992. National Institute of Health and National Cancer Institute in U.S.A. also confirmed the anti-HIV activity of the sulfated form of MD-Fraction. NCI doctors have recognized that the sulfated MD-Fraction is the most effective among all anti-HIV polysaccharides known to date and is as powerful as the drug azidothymidine (AZT). However, the sulfated MD-Fraction has the strong side-effect of toxicity to cells in vivo. On the other hand, we have reported that a β1,6-glucan having a β 1,3-branched chain (named MD-Fraction) can enhance immunocompent cell activities (Hishida et al., 1988; Nanba et al., 1987; Nanba et al., 1993).In this paper, we report that Maitake appears to work on several levels in HIV conditions, by (a) direct inhibition of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), (b) stimulation of the body’s own natural defense system against HIV, and (c) making the body less vulnerable to opportunistic disease.Materials and Methods：Preparation of Maitake tablets Tablets containing 250 mg of dried Maitake powder(φ200 μm) and 5 mg of vitamin C were prepared with a tabloid machine.Preparation of MD-Fraction Dried Maitake powder (500 g) was autclaved with 3,000 ml of distilled water at 120℃ for 60 min, and the water-soluble layer obtained was saturated with the same volume of ethanol at 4℃ for 12 h. After removal of floating material, this ethanol solution was saturated to 80% with ethanol and stored at 4℃ for 10 h. The pellet obtained by centrifugation at 5,000×g for 20 min was suspended in a small volume of distilled water and protein was removed by passage through a DEAE-cellulofine column (4×80cm). Finally 1 g of purified MD-Fraction was prepared.Detection of virions The HIV genome is known to have nine genes, three expressing structural protein and six expressing regulating protein. Anti-HIV-Env antibody was produced in blood from 10 wk to 12 yr after HIV infection. The coagulation test of antigen was performed with HIV-Env antibody collected from blood. Viral loads were counted in 50-μl portions of patients’ serum.Detection of interleukin-2 (IL-2) Production of IL-2 in blood was detected with IL-2 ELISA Kit Intertest-2X (Genzyme Co. U.S.A.)Counting of CD4+ cells and CD8+ cells CD4+ cells were counted by flow cytometric analysis after treatment of 10 μl of blood with CD4+- monoclonal antibody (Cytovax Biotechologies Inc.) The count of CD8+ cells was obtained by subtracting the CD4+ cell count from the total count of T cells determined by flow cytometric analysis.Administration of Maitake A supply of Maitake was given to each HIV carrier at a dose level of 6 g of tablets or 20mg of purified MD-Fraction together with 4 g of tablets per day for 360d.Results：The main focus in monitoring the progress of HIV disease is CD4+ cells (helper T cells). The normal range of CD4+ cell count is 500-1,200 cells/10μl of blood. A level of 200-500 cells indicates that some damage has occured. Below 200 cells, the individual is highly susceptible to secondary diseases. An elevated viral load indicates an increased risk of damage to CD4+ cells. The significance of these activities in regard to HIV infection relates to the immune system. Both IL-2 and interferon are activated by the immune system response to infection by viral disease. After administration of Maitake tablets for 12 mo to 35 respondents (24 in England and 11 in U.S.A.), 20 responders reported an increase in CD4+ cell counts and 8 reported a decrease , as shown in Table 1. Nine respondents reported an increase in viral load, 10 reported a decrease and 2 patients reported static, Typical individual results were as follows.Patient A The initial CD4+ count of 90 cells rose as high as 460 cells (average CD4+ count: 355) in the study period, but viral load was undetected throughout. Previous symptoms were Kaposi’s sarcoma, pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, and allergic conjunctivitis, all of which resolved and remained controlled during study period. The patient consistently reported feeling very well and energy levels much improved.Patient B The initial CD4+ count of 400 cells rose to 620 cells after the treatment. The viral load of 15,200 copies/ml in CD4+ cells decreased to 5,000 copies/ml. IL-2 production was also increased 3.1 times by Maitake treatment. Previous symptoms were Kaposi’s sarcoma, verrucae, anal warts, anal herpes, diarrhea, chest infections, and fatigue. Following the study period, when the patient received 6 g of Maitake tablets together with 20mg of MD-Fraction per day, Kaposi’s sarcoma became static, verrucae and anal warts were resolved, and other symptoms became intermittent.Patient C The initial CD4+ count of 510 cells showed little change at 500 cells after the study, but the viral load of 60,000 copies/ml in CD4+ cell decreased to 1,000 copies/ml. The patient had day and night sweats, bouts of colds, mucous membrane irritation and fatigue as previous symptoms, but after the course of Maitake all symptoms were resolved. In particular, a direct effect on the sweats was observed.Patient D The initial CD4+ count of 425 rose to 680 counts (average 513.3) during the study. The viral load of 20,000 copies/ml increased to 93,000 copies/ml, but skin, oral, and gastric Candida, catarrh, irritable bowel, and aching muscles as previous symptoms were all improved by Maitake.Patient E The initial CD4+ count of 17 cells decreased to 7 cells during the study, while the viral load of 55,000 copies/ml increased to 62,000 copies/ml. AIDS, oral Candida, and wasting disease as previous symptoms persisted despite the treatment with Maitake. The CD4+ cell counts and HIV viral loads of other patients who received Maitake for 1 yr are shown in Tables 2 and 3. It is known that long infection period of HIV makes seriously symptoms and secondary disease. Therefore, as shown in Tables 4 and 5, we examined that these symptoms and diseases were improved by Maitake treatment. Symptoms depends on HIV infection, such as weight loss, hair loss, night sweat, fever, dry cough and leg pain, were improved by Maitake almost in 50% of patients (as Table 4), also secondary diseases, such as toxoplasmosis, cryptococcosis, herps, kaposi’s sarcoma and mycopathy, were cured in 40-50% of patients. Table 6 indicates that the percentage of patients reporting changes in symptoms and sense of well-being following treatment.Discussion ：The MD-Fraction exhibited an enhancing effect on CD4+ cells, the target cells of HIV, upon oral administration in animals (Hishida et al., 1988). Even though it was a non-controlled trial, this clinical study indicated that MD-Fraction and Maitake powder were effective in patients with breast cancer, lung cancer, or liver cancer. These human tests suggest that the active ingredients of Maitake have significant healing and preventative potential in HIV-responders by stimulating the immune system. The present study indicates that when MD-Fraction and Maitake enhanced the activities of immuno-competent cells such as macrophages, cytotoxic T cells (CD8+) or helper T cell (CD4+), the HIV in CD4+ cells was directly killed or its multiplication was suppressed. However, even if these cellular activities were increased by MD-Fraction, HIV in CD4+ cells of AIDS patients did not decrease. All of the results shown here indicate that there is evidence to support a more structured investigation in to the potential benefits of Maitake and MD-Fraction in the treatment of HIV infection. The results also indicate that this trial study needs to be done on a larger scales, as many questions remain unanswered.Literature cited：Hishida I., Nanba H. And Kuroda H. 1988. Anti-tumor activity exhibited by oral administered extract from fruit body of Grifola frondosa (Maitake). Chem. Pharm. Bull. 36:1819-1827.Nanba H., Hamaguchi A. and Kuroda H. 1987. The chemical structure of an anti-tumorpolysaccharide in fruit bodies of Grifola frondosa (Maitake). Chem. Pharm. Bull. 35: 1162-1168.Nanba H. and George S. R. 1993. Effects of Maitake (Grifola frondosa) for HIV-positive or fibroid tumor patients. 113th Congr. Pharmaceutical Society of Japan, Osaka, Japan, March 29-31, p.212.Nanba H.1993. Anti-tumor activity of orally administered D-Fraction from Maitake mushroom Grifola frondosa. J Naturopath. Med. 4: 10-15.
浙江67岁老太隐瞒艾滋病史与他人发生关系，为什么老人也会患艾滋病？
很多人认为老人不会患艾滋病。但是，我认为，患艾滋病和年龄没有关系，意思就是说，艾滋病的感染不会选择人群的。只是艾滋病在年轻人比较高发，但并不是代表老年人不会感染艾滋病。那么，为什么老人也会患艾滋病？我们大家一起去了解一下。一、为什么老人也会患艾滋病？人到晚年的时候，身体的各个方面能力都降低，身体素质差，免疫力降低。对艾滋病这种病毒的抵抗能力较低。所以，老年人一旦接触到艾滋病病毒也是会患上艾滋病的。而且，老年人的保护意识也比较差。老年人群主要是通过婚外异性接触感染。 有一些老人有多个性伴侣，性伴侣不干净，就会容易感染艾滋病。而且，很多老年人都认为，自己已经丧失了使女性受孕的能力，所以他们不会做避孕措施。因此，无保护措施的高危性行为，在老年群体的发生比率极高。另外，有一些老人可能不注意私密处的卫生。在生活当中和别人共用生活用品，比如：洗漱用品，浴巾，毛巾，肥皂等等。一旦家中有人患了艾滋病，就很容易通过这些用品传染给与之共用的老年人。还有，很多老年人的知识普及率不高，很多老人可能都不知道艾滋病这种病，也不知道艾滋病的危害性。二、艾滋病不会选择人群，预防很重要大家一定要知道，艾滋病是不会选择人群的。不管是年轻人，还是老人，只要感染上艾滋病病毒，也是会患上艾滋病的。在生活当中，一定要注意预防艾滋病。要有干净的性生活，这生活不要紊乱，要注意私密部位的卫生，不要与艾滋病病人接触，不要与他人共用一些生活用品。不要吸毒。以上只是我的个人看法。
温州民警被艾滋病嫌疑人的血溅到了伤口上，感染艾滋病之后还能活多久呢？
艾滋病算是目前我们遇到的少有的难以攻克的绝症了，一般感染了艾滋病毒的患者，在接受了有效治疗的情况下，是可以存活一二十年的，但若是没有及时接受治疗的话，在三年内去世的例子也是比比皆是，所以大家如果感染了艾滋病也不要太害怕，能够好好治疗的话，生命续存二三十年都是极有可能的，也希望艾滋病患者不要轻易放弃自己的希望，毕竟二十年会发生的事情太多了，指不定就研发出治疗艾滋病的方式了，所以大家一定要坚持下去。首先，艾滋病这个名称的来源就是艾滋病毒，艾滋病毒是一种极具感染性的病毒，是可以破坏我们身体中的细胞的，还有一些人的艾滋病毒会在身体里面潜伏很长时间，比较长的时候可能高达十年，所以很多人都没有意识到自己患上了艾滋病毒，若是有条件的话，建议大家可以检测一下，但是不进行高危活动的话，其实感染艾滋病毒的几率几乎为零。其次，感染了艾滋病毒以后，其实是需要吃药控制的，每个人的情况都不一样，在这里也就不给大家推荐了，希望大家能够及时去专业的医院找医生研究治疗方案，尽管艾滋病是“绝症”，但是病死率其实并不高，只需要一直吃药控制就能够保证自己像个正常人一样生活，但是因为艾滋病实在是太可怕了，所以大家一定要小心再小心。最后，艾滋病本身的传染性高，而且潜伏期非常长，所以大家不要以为检测了就可以安然无恙，保持健康的性生活才是最重要的，如果为了追求刺激而导致自己患上这种不治之症，实在是得不偿失，所以做好安全措施很重要。
温州民警被艾滋病嫌疑人的血溅到伤口，感染艾滋病后还能活多久？
人感染艾滋病后，只要得到妥善治疗还是能活很久的，跟正常人寿命是一样的。在我国，艾滋病病毒感染者每年以15%的速度递增，随着人口的不断增加，我国艾滋病病毒感染患者也越来越多。而据统计，截至2022年10月1日，全球累计报告了6981万艾滋病感染者和850万艾滋病病人。其中中国报告了1176万HIV感染者和412万艾滋病病人。一、艾滋病存活时间很长艾滋病感染者的生存时间是比较长的，艾滋病感染者生存期与其HIV病毒复制的速度成正比的关系。艾滋病病毒复制的速度越快, HIV就会越快进入到人体，的免疫系统会对HIV进行一系列的攻击，这些攻击包括对HIV感染者进行攻击的血液等体液；对HIV感染者的攻击部位与攻击方式也会对其造成不同程度的伤害；还有对HIV感染者的攻击方式就是“直接攻击” HIV感染者T淋巴细胞群所造成的损害，这种伤害会导致病毒进入血液内造成艾滋病感染的情况。二、感染者能活多久目前，临床上采用的艾滋病抗病毒药物主要包括：逆转录病毒疗法、免疫抑制剂，以及其他的一些辅助治疗方法等等。其中以逆转录病毒疗法治疗效果最为显著。逆转录病毒疗法是通过阻断艾滋病病毒复制产生一系列阻断酶来治疗艾滋病病毒。治疗过程中病人体内的病毒将被完全清除掉，而且患者的免疫系统可以抑制病毒的复制，从而避免病毒感染的发生，病人即使体内HIV数量较多，也可以长期存活或维持不发病或少发病状态。三、如何提高患者的生存率通过上述对艾滋病患者生存时间进行分析可知，大多数感染者经过积极的抗病毒治疗，存活时间都在3年以上。因此，除了积极治疗外，患者也要做到定期检测，早期发现艾滋感染者，早发现、早治疗会极大提高患者的生存质量。
